{"id":56475,"date":"2023-07-21T09:00:19","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T07:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/?p=56475"},"modified":"2023-07-26T18:17:07","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T16:17:07","slug":"interview-philippe-cornu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/fr\/interview-philippe-cornu\/","title":{"rendered":"Une interview de Philippe Cornu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;75deg&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/wp-dzogtodaychen-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/concreteBackground.png&#8221; height=&#8221;250px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; 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use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe08c;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#e2e2e2&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;33px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;title&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#967b5d&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||26px|||&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; icon_font_size=&#8221;33px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; icon_color__hover=&#8221;#13204d&#8221; icon_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Voici une interview de Philippe Cornu men\u00e9e par les traducteurs juniors du Comit\u00e9 de traduction, Gr\u00e9goire et Paul, autour d\u2019un caf\u00e9 gourmand.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; 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quote_border_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221; module_id=&#8221;up-1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; link_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700||||||#BF9E77|&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;#BF9E77&#8243; quote_font=&#8221;Cormorant Garamond|700|||||||&#8221; quote_text_color=&#8221;#13204d&#8221; quote_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Quattrocento Sans|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#13204d&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_4_letter_spacing=&#8221;12px&#8221; header_5_font=&#8221;|300|||||||&#8221; header_5_text_color=&#8221;#bfbfbf&#8221; header_5_letter_spacing=&#8221;12px&#8221; header_6_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_6_letter_spacing=&#8221;12px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;29px|||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; quote_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; quote_font_size_phone=&#8221;&#8221; quote_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2>Une Interview de Philippe Cornu (1)<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Les jeunes traducteurs du Comit\u00e9 de Traduction Dzogchen Today! se posaient des questions sur la traduction et le<\/em> background <em>de connaissances n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 sa pratique. Philippe Cornu, notre traducteur senior, a bien voulu prendre le temps d\u2019y r\u00e9pondre alors que nous d\u00e9jeunions au restaurant<\/em> La Libert\u00e9<em>. Il se peut donc qu\u2019il y ait quelques bruits de fourchettes dans cette transcription, auquel cas nous nous en excusons\u2026 Le dessert \u00e9tait un caf\u00e9 gourmand, comme \u00e0 l\u2019habitude, mais ce sont les propos de Philippe qui nous ont v\u00e9ritablement r\u00e9gal\u00e9s.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u2019est-ce que tu as \u00e0 transmettre aux jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 propos de ton activit\u00e9 de traducteur ? Qu\u2019est-ce que tu as appris durant tout ce temps pass\u00e9 \u00e0 traduire des textes dzogch\u00e8n ? Qu\u2019est-ce que tu as envie de nous transmettre ?<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Il s\u2019agit d\u00e9j\u00e0 de bien comprendre ce que le Dzogch\u00e8n nous dit. Du point de vue de la transmission par la traduction, il faut bien clarifier les termes en les comprenant vraiment pour ce qu\u2019ils sont dans la langue source, pour pouvoir, dans la langue cible, restituer non seulement la dimension formelle, mais aussi la dimension performative. La particularit\u00e9 des textes dzogch\u00e8n est qu\u2019ils sont performatifs.<\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>N\u2019est-ce pas le travail qu\u2019on a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire sur le vocabulaire avec le comit\u00e9 de traduction Dzogchen Today! ?<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Si, exactement. Pour que ce soit performatif, il faut que le souffle du texte soit pr\u00e9sent. Il y a donc bien ces deux aspects : premi\u00e8rement l\u2019aspect formel, qui consiste en la traduction des termes au plus pr\u00e8s, sachant qu\u2019il y a des variations possibles sur un m\u00eame terme \u00e0 cause de la diversit\u00e9 des champs s\u00e9mantiques selon le contexte ; deuxi\u00e8mement, l\u2019aspect du rendu du texte en fran\u00e7ais, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le travail de r\u00e9daction qui doit permettre un acc\u00e8s inspirant et direct \u00e0 celui qui re\u00e7oit le texte. C\u2019est une t\u00e2che qui n\u2019est pas facile parce que nous n\u2019avons pas forc\u00e9ment une r\u00e9alisation parfaite du Dzogch\u00e8n.<\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>Nous, les jeunes traducteurs, nous connaissons un peu le tib\u00e9tain, et nous avons des notions de sanskrit. Selon toi, est-ce qu\u2019on devrait approfondir notre connaissance du sanskrit, ou plut\u00f4t s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux termes archa\u00efques du tib\u00e9tain dans des textes du Dzogch\u00e8n radical par exemple ?<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Ce qui est assez int\u00e9ressant, c\u2019est que le tib\u00e9tain n\u2019a pas \u00e9norm\u00e9ment chang\u00e9 depuis la p\u00e9riode ancienne<a href=\"#down\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a> : il y a simplement quelques variations orthographiques et grammaticales. Le tib\u00e9tain a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9 assez vite, quand il est apparu \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9crit.<\/p>\n<p>PAUL<\/p>\n<p>Il y a la r\u00e9forme de l\u2019orthographe tib\u00e9taine pendant la p\u00e9riode ancienne qui a effectivement fix\u00e9 les choses<a href=\"#down\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u00a0(&#8230;) mais dans le Dzogch\u00e8n, il y a beaucoup de termes qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 traduits du sanskrit, qui apparaissent en tib\u00e9tain sans \u00e9quivalent\u2026<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>Est-ce que tu pourrais nous donner des exemples de diff\u00e9rences entre les textes dzogch\u00e8n b\u00f6n et dzogch\u00e8n nyingmapa \u00e0 propos du vocabulaire<a href=\"#down\"><strong>[3]<\/strong><\/a> ?<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Du point de vue du Dzogch\u00e8n, ce qui est int\u00e9ressant c\u2019est que m\u00eame le vocabulaire classique qui est pass\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles bouddhistes a \u00e9t\u00e9 influenc\u00e9, \u00e0 mon sens, par la vue du Dzogch\u00e8n. L\u2019exemple typique, c\u2019est \u00ab\u00a0sangy\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (<em>sangs rgyas<\/em>) qui traduit \u00ab\u00a0bouddha\u00a0\u00bb (qui veut dire simplement \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9veill\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb en sanskrit) et qui l\u00e0 signifie \u00ab\u00a0purifi\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0pur\u00a0\u00bb pour \u00ab\u00a0sang\u00a0\u00bb (<em>sangs<\/em>) et \u00ab\u00a0pleinement \u00e9panoui\u00a0\u00bb pour \u00ab\u00a0gy\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (<em>rgyas<\/em>). Si on le prend d\u2019un point de vue purement graduel, c\u2019est purement bouddhiste, car on va dire que c\u2019est purifi\u00e9 de tous les voiles et \u00e9motions perturbatrices et qu\u2019\u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, la bouddh\u00e9it\u00e9 peut s\u2019\u00e9panouir et se manifester compl\u00e8tement. Mais si on le prend d\u2019un point de vue Dzogch\u00e8n, c\u2019est simplement \u00ab\u00a0kadak\u00a0\u00bb (<em>ka dag<\/em>), la puret\u00e9 primordiale, et \u00ab\u00a0lhundroup\u00a0\u00bb (<em>lhun grub<\/em>), la perfection ou pr\u00e9sence spontan\u00e9e. Donc je soup\u00e7onne qu\u2019ils ont choisi le terme \u00ab\u00a0sangy\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb pour traduire \u00ab\u00a0bouddha\u00a0\u00bb parce qu\u2019il y avait des d\u00e9tenteurs de la vue dzogch\u00e8n, les anc\u00eatres des <a href=\"https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/fr\/bref-apercu-nyingmapa-dzogchen\/\">nyingmapas<\/a> au VIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Et c\u2019est la m\u00eame chose pour \u00ab\u00a0changchoup s\u00e8m\u00a0\u00bb (<em>byang chub sems<\/em>) : certes, quand on traduit un texte tib\u00e9tain qui provient du bouddhisme Mahayana, il faut traduire \u00ab\u00a0esprit d\u2019\u00c9veil\u00a0\u00bb, <em>bodhicitta<\/em> en sanskrit ; mais l\u00e0, pour le Dzogch\u00e8n, il s\u2019agit de \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019esprit pur et parfait\u00a0\u00bb, qui fait \u00e9galement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la puret\u00e9 primordiale et \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence spontan\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7a, ce sont vraiment tes cr\u00e9ations et r\u00e9flexions personnelles ?<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>En fait, c\u2019est aussi une r\u00e9flexion par rapport aux b\u00f6npos, car ils ne sont pas cens\u00e9s se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 des sources sanskrites, mais ils utilisent beaucoup plus que les nyingmapas le terme \u00ab\u00a0changchoup s\u00e8m\u00a0\u00bb. Ils l\u2019utilisent m\u00eame plus que \u00ab\u00a0rigpa\u00a0\u00bb (<em>rig pa<\/em>). Comme il y a un aspect archa\u00efque dans le Dzogch\u00e8n b\u00f6npo, au niveau des termes, il y a eu des choix qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faits, et, contrairement \u00e0 ce que nous dit l\u2019historiographie qui essaie de dresser la rivalit\u00e9 entre les b\u00f6npos et les bouddhistes de l\u2019\u00e9poque, \u00e0 mon sens, il y en a beaucoup qui ont collabor\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>PAUL<\/p>\n<p>Oui, Dr\u00e8npa Namkha, Bairotsana\u2026<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 qui \u00e9taient des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s ! Je pense qu\u2019il y a eu des collaborations sur le fait de forger des termes. \u00c7a, c\u2019est int\u00e9ressant ! L\u00e0 ce sont des termes sanskrits qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 traduits d\u2019une mani\u00e8re sp\u00e9ciale, mais dans le Dzogch\u00e8n, il y a beaucoup de termes qui n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 traduits du sanskrit, qui apparaissent en tib\u00e9tain sans \u00e9quivalent\u2026<\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 sans venir n\u00e9cessairement de langues ant\u00e9rieures ou d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions ? La langue du Shang Shoung<a href=\"#down\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a> par exemple ?<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Il y a certains termes qui peuvent venir de la langue du Shang Shoung, qui est maintenant attest\u00e9e. C\u2019est une langue v\u00e9ritable, alors qu\u2019elle a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en doute par le pass\u00e9 en disant que c\u2019\u00e9tait une reconstruction. Mais ce n\u2019est pas une reconstruction, il y a vraiment un vocabulaire du Shang Shoung, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 forg\u00e9. On peut parfois le rapprocher du vocabulaire du shiva\u00efsme tantrique du Cachemire, mais pas toujours.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/wp-dzogtodaychen-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DSCF7823.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;dzogchentoday-philippe-cornu&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;67%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Vidaloka||||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Philippe Cornu<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_border_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; link_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700||||||#000000|&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;#BF9E77&#8243; quote_font=&#8221;Cormorant Garamond|700|||||||&#8221; quote_text_color=&#8221;#13204d&#8221; quote_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Quattrocento Sans|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#13204d&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_4_letter_spacing=&#8221;12px&#8221; header_5_font=&#8221;|300|||||||&#8221; header_5_text_color=&#8221;#bfbfbf&#8221; header_5_letter_spacing=&#8221;12px&#8221; header_6_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_6_letter_spacing=&#8221;12px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;29px|||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; quote_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; quote_font_size_phone=&#8221;&#8221; quote_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>Tu aurais un exemple ?<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Il y a des analogies\u2026 Par exemple, on parle de \u00ab\u00a0sons, lumi\u00e8res, rayons\u00a0\u00bb, vocabulaire qui vient vraiment des b\u00f6npos ; mais le \u00ab\u00a0son\u00a0\u00bb fait penser au terme shiva\u00efte \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanda\">spanda<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, la vibration primordiale qui jaillit du \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parashiva\">paramashiva<\/a>\u201d, le Shiva supr\u00eame.<\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>En fait, dans le processus de traduction, il faut donc tenir compte des influences potentielles de plusieurs traditions et pratiques\u2026<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Il ne faut pas oublier que c\u2019\u00e9tait des yogis qui s\u2019\u00e9changeaient des informations et des mots de vocabulaire.<\/p>\n<p>PAUL<\/p>\n<p>Sous le r\u00e8gne de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trisong_Detsen\">Trisong D\u00e9ts\u00e8n<\/a>, l\u2019empire tib\u00e9tain est tr\u00e8s vaste, et \u00e7a circule beaucoup sur les routes commerciales. On sait par ailleurs que certains traducteurs n\u2019\u00e9taient pas toujours n\u00e9s au Tibet central, par exemple Y\u00e9sh\u00e9 D\u00e9 <a href=\"#down\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a> \u00e9tait de Samarkande. Donc les connaissances linguistiques des traducteurs \u00e9taient sans doute plus vastes qu\u2019on ne le pense.<\/p>\n<p>GR\u00c9GOIRE<\/p>\n<p>Dans le monde moderne, on est habitu\u00e9 \u00e0 distinguer tr\u00e8s nettement les traditions : il y a \u00ab\u00a0les chr\u00e9tiens\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0les musulmans\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0les hindous\u00a0\u00bb\u2026 et on ne voit peut-\u00eatre pas assez les passerelles.<\/p>\n<p>PHILIPPE<\/p>\n<p>Alors que quand tu vas au N\u00e9pal, tu vois bien que les lieux sont hindous <em>et<\/em> bouddhistes, consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Padmasambhava\">Gourou Rinpoch\u00e9<\/a> <em>et<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shiva\">Shiva<\/a>\u2026 et Gourou Rinpoch\u00e9, si on regarde bien, a des attributs shiva\u00eftes ! Les choix de traduction sont donc guid\u00e9s par de nombreux facteurs !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fin de la premi\u00e8re partie de l\u2019interview.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=&#8221;#FFD62F&#8221; divider_position=&#8221;center&#8221; divider_weight=&#8221;3px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text module_id=&#8221;down&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>[1]<\/strong> VIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/p>\n<p><strong>[2]<\/strong> Les traducteurs ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme de l\u2019orthographe tib\u00e9taine dans le but de la simplifier et de la standardiser en 816 sous le r\u00e8gne de S\u00e9nal\u00e8g (tib\u00e9tain. : <em>Sad-na-legs<\/em>). Ils ont fix\u00e9 les canons de ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9 le tib\u00e9tain classique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>[3]<\/strong> Les Dzogch\u00e8n b\u00f6n et nyingma sont les deux principaux courants distincts de la Grande Perfection des grandes traditions tib\u00e9taines : la tradition b\u00f6n prend pour origine le ma\u00eetre T\u00f6npa Shenrab Miwo et est dat\u00e9e d\u2019environ deux mille ans avant notre \u00e8re. Mais les datations varient entre les sources. Voir par exemple : John. V. Bellezza, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk\/collections\/journals\/ret\/pdf\/ret_19_03.pdf\">gShen-rab Myi-bo. His life and times according to Tibet\u2019s earliest literary sources<\/a>.<\/em> La tradition nyingma prend quant \u00e0 elle pour origine le ma\u00eetre Garab Dorj\u00e9 et est dat\u00e9e des environs du Ier si\u00e8cle de notre \u00e8re. Mais, l\u00e0 encore, les datations varient. Pour un r\u00e9sum\u00e9, voir entre autres : <a href=\"https:\/\/vajranatha.com\/the-golden-letters\/\">John M. Reynolds<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shambhala.com\/golden-letters-2575.html\"><em>The Golden Letters. The Tibetan Teachings of Garab Dorje, First Dzogchen Master<\/em>, Snow Lion, 2012<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>[4]<\/strong> L\u2019ancien royaume du Shang Shoung, berceau de la tradition b\u00f6n, correspond aux r\u00e9gions actuelles du Ngari et du Ladakh (r\u00e9gion de culture tib\u00e9taine occidentale). Pour en savoir plus : <a href=\"https:\/\/shangshungpublications.com\/it\/products\/9788878341036_the-light-of-kailash-volume-one.html\">Chogyal Namkhai Norbu &amp; Donatella Rossi, <em>A History of Zhang Zhung and Tibet, volume 1, The Early Period<\/em>, North Atlantic Books, 2013<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>[5]<\/strong> Tr\u00e8s important traducteur qui a traduit plus de 300 textes de la tradition bouddhiste.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true&#8221; border_width_left=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_left=&#8221;#f7f2e8&#8243; border_width_left_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; border_width_left_phone=&#8221;&#8221; border_width_left_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_signup mailchimp_list=&#8221;Dzogchen Today!|d54422a3b4&#8243; name_field=&#8221;on&#8221; title=&#8221;Inscrivez-vous \u00e0 la Newsletter&#8221; 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