{"id":49755,"date":"2022-06-25T14:55:32","date_gmt":"2022-06-25T14:55:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/?p=49755"},"modified":"2024-09-03T17:09:00","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T15:09:00","slug":"bref-apercu-nyingmapa-dzogchen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/fr\/bref-apercu-nyingmapa-dzogchen\/","title":{"rendered":"Un bref aper\u00e7u de la tradition Nyingmapa du Dzogch\u00e8n"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pour la tradition Dzogch\u00e8n, tout remonte \u00e0 Garab Dorje qui, selon la tradition, est apparu 160 ans apr\u00e8s le parinirvana du Bouddha.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”||0px|” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text module_id=”back-1″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” custom_margin=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Tout remonte \u00e0 Garab Dorje (qui, selon la tradition, apparut 160 ans apr\u00e8s le parinirvana du Bouddha) qui transmit \u00e0 son disciple, Manjushrimitra, la somme de ses enseignements en 6 400 000 versets (Doha), son testament spirituel. Parmi ces versets figurent les trois pr\u00e9ceptes, “Les trois pr\u00e9ceptes p\u00e9n\u00e9trants” (tib. : Tsig soum n\u00e9deg, Tshig gsum gnad rdegs<\/em>1<\/strong><\/a>), l’essence du Dzogch\u00e8n.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=”0px” quote_border_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” link_font=”|100|||on|||#000000|” link_text_color=”#000000″ quote_font=”Cormorant Garamond|700|||||||” quote_text_color=”#bf9e77″ quote_line_height=”1.3em” header_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_3_font=”|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_4_letter_spacing=”12px” header_5_font=”|300|||||||” header_5_text_color=”#bfbfbf” header_5_letter_spacing=”12px” header_6_font=”|700|||||||” header_6_letter_spacing=”12px” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”0px|||||” hover_enabled=”0″ quote_font_size_tablet=”” quote_font_size_phone=”” quote_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″] <\/p>\n

Ngo rang thog tu sprad\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>: Rencontre dans l\u2019instant ta nature essentielle..
\nThag gcig thog tu bcad\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>: Sois d\u00e9finitivement s\u00fbr de ce point unique.
\ngDeng grol thog tu bca’\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>: Demeure directement assur\u00e9 de la lib\u00e9ration<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le Dzogch\u00e8n est une tradition qui est encore pleinement vivante gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 toutes les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pass\u00e9es qui n’ont jamais oubli\u00e9 leurs pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs ni leur enseignement..<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Manjushrimitra divisa ces versets en trois s\u00e9ries, celle de l’Esprit, celle de l’Espace et celle des Instructions Primordiales (cette derni\u00e8re divis\u00e9e en sections orale et explicative). Il a laiss\u00e9 \u00e0 son disciple, Shri Singha, son testament spirituel appel\u00e9 les “Six Exp\u00e9riences M\u00e9ditatives”. A son tour, Shri Singha divisa la s\u00e9rie explicative des Instructions Primordiales en cycles externe, interne, secret et ultra-secret dans une progression explicative de plus en plus exempte de concepts. Il conditionna leur transmission par une quadruple introduction (\u00e0 la nature de l’esprit) : \u00e9labor\u00e9e, simple, tr\u00e8s simple et finalement ultimement simple. Shri Singha eut deux disciples, Vimalamitra et J\u00f1anasutra. Ce dernier, qui re\u00e7ut davantage d’enseignements de Shri Singha, fut \u00e9galement le ma\u00eetre de Vimalamitra \u00e0 qui il l\u00e9gua son testament, “Les Quatre M\u00e9thodes Profondes”. Vimalamitra fut invit\u00e9 au Tibet par les traducteurs Kawa Paltsek et Chokro Lui Gyeltsen, o\u00f9 il resta treize ans avant de dispara\u00eetre au Wutaishan (Chine). Avec un traducteur du Tibet oriental nomm\u00e9 Youdra Nyingpo, ils traduisirent un grand nombre de textes Dzogch\u00e8n, ce qui constitua l’une des introductions du Dzogch\u00e8n au Tibet.<\/p>\n

Une autre transmission fut faite par Vairotsana, un Tib\u00e9tain d’origine, qui se rendit en Inde pour recueillir les transmissions de Shri Singha, de qui il re\u00e7ut la s\u00e9rie de l’Esprit et de l’Espace. D\u00e9sireux de recevoir davantage de transmissions, il resta en Inde et finit par recevoir l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des 6 400 000 versets du Dzogch\u00e8n. Il retourna ensuite au Tibet et enseigna tout ce qu’il avait recueilli. Enfin, un ma\u00eetre du Nord-Ouest de l’Inde nomm\u00e9 Padmasambhava, extr\u00eamement connu dans le monde tib\u00e9tain, aurait propag\u00e9 une partie de la s\u00e9rie des Instructions Primordiales re\u00e7ues de Shri Singha.<\/p>\n

 [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/dzogchentoday.org\/wp-dzogtodaychen-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/dingri.png” title_text=”dingri” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”60%” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e8s rapidement au Tibet, ce sont les enseignements des Instructions Primordiales qui se sont r\u00e9pandus. Ces textes sont aujourd’hui connus sous le nom des “Dix-sept Tantras”.
Un grand ma\u00eetre tib\u00e9tain du XIVe si\u00e8cle, Longchen Rabjampa, a compil\u00e9 la quasi-totalit\u00e9 de la litt\u00e9rature Dzogch\u00e8n ant\u00e9rieure en trois sommes : “Les Sept Tr\u00e9sors”, “La Trilogie de la Libert\u00e9 Naturelle” et “La Trilogie de la D\u00e9tente Naturelle”. Il s’est attaqu\u00e9 aux d\u00e9finitions, les rendant plus claires et plus affin\u00e9es.
Depuis le XIe si\u00e8cle au Tibet, les enseignements du Dzogch\u00e8n se sont enrichis de textes retrouv\u00e9s dans l’esprit de pratiquants r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, appel\u00e9s “Terteun” (D\u00e9couvreurs ou R\u00e9v\u00e9lateurs de Tr\u00e9sors). Au XIVe si\u00e8cle, appara\u00eet le cycle du moment de la mort appel\u00e9 “Karling Shitro” (du nom de son d\u00e9couvreur Karma Lingpa). \u00c0 la fin du m\u00eame si\u00e8cle, Rigdzin Geudem d\u00e9couvre “La Sagesse p\u00e9n\u00e9trante”. Au XVIIe si\u00e8cle, Terdak Lingpa r\u00e9v\u00e8le “Le c\u0153ur du Sens Profond de l’Ati”. Au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, Jigme Lingpa d\u00e9voile le cycle de “L’essence du C\u0153ur de l’Immensit\u00e9” qui devient l’enseignement Dzogch\u00e8n le plus pratiqu\u00e9 au cours des trois derniers si\u00e8cles.<\/p>\n

Longchen Rabjampa a systematis\u00e9 l’approche m\u00e9thodologique2<\/strong><\/a>. Selon lui, elle est tripartite et structure l’ensemble du chemin.
1- F\u00e9licit\u00e9 (d\u00e9wa, bde ba<\/em>)
2- Radiance, clart\u00e9 (selwa, gsal ba<\/em>)
3- Absence de pens\u00e9e (mitogpa, mi rtog pa<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Ce sont trois qualit\u00e9s (\u00e9mergeant de la pratique de la voie dzogch\u00e8n) et natures (immanentes \u00e0 l’esprit) qui constituent la base d’une voie tripartite :
1- pr\u00e9liminaires
2- pratique principale
3- phase d’ach\u00e8vement
Ce chemin en trois parties peut \u00eatre r\u00e9sum\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant le Tsig soum n\u00e9deg.<\/p>\n

Dans le Dzogch\u00e8n, comme dans la plupart des traditions du monde asiatique, la lign\u00e9e de transmission de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est d’une importance capitale : elle permet de se connecter de mani\u00e8re authentique avec l’origine de la r\u00e9alisation, car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 maintenue vivante depuis le d\u00e9but.
Le Dzogch\u00e8n est une tradition qui est encore pleinement vivante gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 toutes les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pass\u00e9es qui n’ont jamais oubli\u00e9 leurs pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs ni leur enseignement.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider divider_position=”bottom” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”27%” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”18px||10px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text module_id=”notes” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

1<\/strong>-Lorsque le tib\u00e9tain est mentionn\u00e9, le premier terme est la prononciation orale et le second terme, en italique, est la translitt\u00e9ration wylie. Back<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/strong>– Longchenpa, translation and comments by Herbert V. Guenther, Kindly bent to ease us: the trilogy of Finding comfort and ease, Ngal gso skor gsum, vol. 2 Meditation<\/em>, Dharma Publishing, 1976.<\/p>\n

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Tout remonte \u00e0 Garab Dorje (qui, selon la tradition, est apparu 160 ans apr\u00e8s le parinirvana du Bouddha) qui a transmis \u00e0 son disciple, Manjushrimitra, la somme de ses enseignements en 6 400 000 versets (Doha), son testament 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